“There are great ideas undiscovered, breakthroughs available for those who can remove one of truth’s protective layers. There are places to go beyond belief.”—Neil Armstrong

“…it is better to be smart than to be stupid…” — Carl Sagan

 

To recapitulate, thus far, we have discussed an image taken during the Apollo 12 mission which was published in Carl Sagan’s Cosmos, the significance of which was discovered and revealed in 1995. We have presented details from the image itself, and its companion frames, that indicates the presence of an enormous, crystalline, pre-historically engineered dome (one of many distributed over the lunar surface). We have discussed the mysterious lack of post-Apollo space goals not having been met. We have discussed the late 1950’s speculations that the moons of Mars might be artificial and that this was the primary impetus behind the Brookings report proffering the subject of artifacts on other worlds. We briefly discussed the implications of the Brookings recommendations, including the suggestion that further research was conducted to study the effects on humanity of the verified discovery that intelligent, extremely ancient activity had once occurred in the solar system. We speculated that Dr. Sagan, shortly after this famous Brookings report was presented to Congress,  began to submit to the scientists and the general public, the idea that  extra-terrestrial artifacts might be on the worlds of our solar system. We also discussed how Dr. Sagan may have been part of an “acclimatization” to the idea of artificial moons and ruins in the solar system, thus being potentially part of a larger contingency program to ready the world for a staggering new reality. However, in spite of this possibility, we find Dr. Sagan publically attempting to sidetrack serious research in the field of ancient artificial structures on other planets. The negative side effect of this approach has been a retardation of the general scientific community and their ability to construct accurate models in relationship to fundamental truths about the nature of our reality on planet Earth and preparing them for that, in the words of Dr. Sagan himself, “inescapable perspective” that awaits.

So, why did Dr. Sagan publish AS12-47-6890 in Cosmos?

As part of the “acclimatization” mentioned above, it is possible, as we suggested in part 3,  that Sagan simply wanted to tacitly confirm his proposal of the “alien base” hypothesis. If so, this makes Dr. Sagan the first true xenoarchaeologist, albeit a covert one.  ¹⁾Notwithstanding all the important work conducted by Richard Hoagland, Stan Mcdaniel, Mark Carlotto and many others, currently, the credit for the actual academic title of “first exo-archaeologist” (a term sometimes used instead of the term “xenoarchaeologist”) has been given to Vicky A. Walsh. Her academic work “The Case for Exo-Archaeology”, which concerns the academic oriented discipline of extra-terrestrial artifact study, can be found in the book, Digging Holes in Popular Culture: Archaeology and Science Fiction, Bournemouth University School of Conservation Sciences Occasional Paper 7; Oxbow Books, 2002 By doing this he also becomes a sort of whistle-blower in his own maverick sort of way. However, it is interesting that Dr. Sagan even more vehemently became skeptical of the whole ruins on other worlds idea after publishing this Apollo image. Perhaps his renewed skeptical vigor was triggered by the 1980’s groundswell of interest in the subject of extra-terrestrial ruins, specifically initiated through the efforts of Richard C. Hoagland. The whole “skeptical” frame of mind on this subject may have served as a sort of blind for what Sagan felt was perhaps his prerogative to manage the information flow of the whole subject–including aspects of the SETI program as a distracting smokescreen from extra-terrestrial engineered “artifacts” research. It seems that even Dr. Sagan, notwithstanding all his insight into the inquisitive nature of the human mind, may have slipped on the calculus of the way all this was going to finally come out. But make no mistake, the more fervent rebuttals seemed only to emerge after the ongoing Mars/Cydonia research was underway. ²⁾ As see the 1985 Parade magazine article which we mentioned briefly in part 2. Also see Chapter 8 in Dr. Stan McDaniel’s The McDaniel Report.

Even Hoagland himself said his discovery could have been Sagan’s. ³⁾This is related on page 69 of The Monuments of Mars, at the end of which Hoagland says “…otherwise these words would have a different author.” The full context follows from pages 67-69 where Hoagland discusses Sagan’s extra-terrestrial research background. Now, in hindsight, we realize it probably already was Sagan’s discovery, it was simply not yet public knowledge. Unless it was a group of scientists who had already discovered the ruins and Sagan was going “rogue” and revealing something–hence the whistle-blower idea mentioned above. But, as far as I can tell, Sagan’s pre 2001: A Space Odyssey “alien base on the moon” model, was uniquely his own.

At some levels, it seems that Dr. Sagan’s real claim to notoriety is almost simply expositional, as if here is a great astronomer who, other than giving great public demonstrations and explanations of the mysteries of the Cosmos (a true great exemplar of his time) may not have ever been recognized for perhaps his even greater achievement; the prediction and discovery of extra-terrestrial intelligent artifacts. His great work on greenhouse gasses, nuclear winter and the origins of life and all the interplanetary work he did notwithstanding, all this might be taking a far distant second place in comparison to what he predicted might be found on the moon because of the profound and “inescapable” implications for everything else.

Its obviously difficult to determine who, in the scientific community, might have first discovered and realized what was on the moon, given the fact that we have no information coming out. If it was the Russians, as for instance what they may have found on Zond 3 imagery, and not at that time have dismissed it as potential evidence for lunar ruins, this might have involved Shklovskii, a colleague of Sagan’s, whose theories of the “artificial moons” of Mars may have prompted the “Brookings” artifacts inquiry. ⁴⁾See part 3 of the “Tricks of Light and Shadow” series. However, the Zond 3 mission was 3 years after Sagan’s address to the American Rocket Society where he was already suggesting the “artifacts” model. ⁵⁾Also see part 3. His mentioning a “live” alien base suggests a subject outside the scope of this article series and will be examined in further detail in separate articles. As far as can be ascertained on the American side of things, as of this writing, the lunar discovery looks almost within the area of Sagan’s purview. The notion of even looking or being aware of the possibility requires vision, imagination and the rational ability to grapple with the obvious implications. Sagan, at that time, was a young and visionary astrophysicist and manifested these traits and stands as uniquely suited to have been the one who first proposed the idea in a serious way.

Another speculation as to why Dr. Sagan published this dramatic and overwhelmingly enigmatic image was perhaps he wanted this image presented in an “pristine form” in order to make sure it did not get “air brushed” out at some later date. This is possible, but for reasons already explained, while the version of this frame in Cosmos does have some aspects that are not available on other versions of the image on the internet, it has an incorrect color calibration, but that might only be due to the printing process.

Concerning what I have called the “Sunglint”, why did it elude “censorship”? How did it get into the regular general catalog of frame sequences? Was this a “slip-up”? Is this why Dr. Sagan seized upon this opportunity to sort of “whistle-blow” the whole thing and hope someone called him out on it? Was it rather plausibly deniable in that it could have been easily explained away as a lens flare, or an internal camera light reflection? On this point, if the rumors are true that they took secret film magazines for artifact imagery, why did AS12-47-6890 elude “censorship”? Something like this image would seem more suitable for one of those secret film magazines.

And finally, what of the actual astronaut who took the picture?

By the position of the structure of the Lunar Module within the boundaries of the frame itself, we realize that the image was taken by the Lunar Module pilot, which for Apollo 12 would have been Alan Bean. As is to be expected, he has denied ever seeing anything out of the ordinary while he walked on the moon. However, Alan Bean is an artist. His artwork of the Apollo lunar missions is extraordinary and provocative and forms the material for an interesting set of speculations; a subject which has been explored by Richard Hoagland, Mike Bara ⁶⁾See Dark Mission:The Secret History of NASA, by Richard Hoagland and Mike Bara, pages 227-234 and Steve Troy.⁷⁾For instance, see Steve Troy’s article “‘Patent-Leather’ Truth“, where he discusses some of the intriguing details of Alan Bean’s Apollo artwork. Capt. Bean’s artwork merits consideration in context of Frame AS12-47-6890 actually existing.

Frame AS12-47-6890, was taken while the Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid was orbiting the moon and getting ready for descent to the lunar surface. I suspect, if he were asked, that Capt. Bean’s response to this image would be similar to his response as to what he saw while walking on the moon; nothing out of the ordinary except the nice views of Earth and the fact that you were actually at the moon. The general denial of anything “alien” or unusual  evinced by the astronauts about their lunar experiences is almost certainly part of a general security mandate placed on all of them. But, perhaps, just like Dr. Sagan publishing this image in Cosmos, Capt. Bean could not keep his sanity without doing something to psychologically relieve him of the pressure of such an security constraint, and thus he painted as he did.

Realizing that Alan Bean was an intuitive artist, we can understand his grasp of composition, setting and that sense of the sublime that artists usually possess and which must have been inescapably seized upon when this picture was taken. He could not let it go unframed. Once you understand what you are looking at in this frame, it emerges as one of the most profound and dramatic images of all the imagery from the Apollo program. The backdrop of the Earth rising over an ancient lunar dome with the sun brilliantly shining off of it, is powerful, emotional and majestic.

…And, another obvious reason why Dr. Sagan chose this image, above and beyond any other image from the Apollo program, as a way of communicating to the future, that he knew.

Now, on the point above about the possibility of secret magazines or frames; as the astronaut who actually snapped AS12-47-6890, Capt. Bean might have been able to argue to his superiors that he briefly forgot that he was using a film magazine that would be used for public consumption perhaps. Maybe he really did “mess-up” given the astonishment he must have been going through at what he was seeing and then grasping a chance to capture the sublimity of it all. Add to all this that you are orbiting over countless miles of artificially created glass, between 8-and 10 miles high (or more), with countless clumps of engineered structure in varying states of advanced decay and suspended at random within glass-like domes and other towering architectures and you have a reason on why it might have eluded the “classified section.” Perhaps they simply could have removed it from the sequence, but each film magazine has a set number of exposures.  ⁸⁾For additional speculation on this subject, refer to part 7 at footnote #6  In any event,  to actually “airbrush” out this “lens flare” with the actual lunar surface and not space as an convenient backdrop for airbrushing, it would stand out and be too obvious. So its plausibly dismissed as a photographic defect, bad printing or lens flare and escapes the airbrushing treatment. (More on the airbrushing treatment below.)

[As a quick sidenote on the subject of astronaut “astonishment”, you can hear the sustained anxiety  of the Apollo 10 astronauts at what they are experiencing on the live mission audio and its curious that this kind of astonishment never occurs during any subsequent Apollo missions to the moon. After all, Stafford and Cernan were the first human beings, in our present known history, to have flown so close to these artifacts as they were “down among em” and “sorting out the unknowns”. ⁹⁾Also see at 14 minutes 32 seconds in this linked video for only one of many examples of this debris hurtling by. Stafford reported to Houston later that “both cameras have failed”. ¹⁰⁾ Read also the information available at this Apollo 10 Flight Journal site. In any event, after the Apollo 10 close fly by of the moon, the astronauts were probably told to basically shut up if they happen to see a large piece of material hurtling towards them while they were “down among em”. Especially if they were down among em “going backwards” as Cernan noted at one point during the Apollo 10 audio. Sorting out the “Unknowns” indeed…]

We can speculate on all these various scenarios of a cover-up or the “why” concerning just this one image, but it is clear, that given the nature of what is on the moon, any information management would have to be of a classified or national security nature and would of course be conducted and overseen by various intelligence agencies.

Speaking of intelligence agencies, we mentioned in Part 3 of this series, that Carl Sagan makes an appearance in the CBS Special Report entitled UFO’S: Friend, Foe or Fantasy alongside his colleague Dr. Thornton Page, who worked for the C.I.A. (shown together in the image at the top of this article). In this television report, Dr. Sagan discusses the religious implications of UFO’s. ¹¹⁾The idea that the so called “mainstream” media is more and more interested over the years in strange things, or just the subject’s of UFO’s, ought to take a history lesson from Walter Kronkite. For, long ago, in 1966, he hosted this kind of Special Report which was a really big deal in those days. These two scientists went on to edit a book entitled, UFO’s: A Scientific Debate. This book has elements in it that study the effects and implications of UFO’s and extra-terrestrial intelligence in general and this adds to the general hypothesis we presented earlier that Sagan was part of a program to prepare the public for various aspects of disclosure management. Both scientists, ostensibly, kept an open mind and an “objective” approach to the UFO phenomenon. The UFO phenomenology would have been instrumental in studying the effects of extra-terrestrial ruins or artifact disclosure as well. Thus, Dr. Page apparently seems to have indications as having been part of a program to study such effects. Also see his article “Education and the UFO Phenomenon” in the book UFO’s: A Scientific Debate.  In addition to this, note the situation that occurred shortly after the Apollo 14 mission described below.

At this point, we should briefly mention some of the strange goings on that Dr. Ken Johnston¹²⁾UPDATE: A dispute has arisen concerning the doctoral credentials of Ken Johnston. However, this information does not preclude Ken Johnston’s testimony concerning his experience at the LRL. described at the Lunar Receiving Lab (LRL) and the aforementioned Dr. Thornton Page who Dr. Johnston worked for during the Apollo program. ¹³⁾See Ken’s Moon: The “Smoking Gun” that Reveals the “Dark Mission” of NASA by R. Ken Johnston Sr.; GUMROAD.COM edition; 2015, pages 225-227, and pages 256-258. For imagery from Ken Johnston’s own archive that he preserved from his days of working in the Apollo lunar program see here. See also his Hassleblad Positive Transparency Slides.

Over a year after I found the dome published in Cosmos, Hoagland and Ken Johnston, in a March 1996 post national press conference interview on Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell, discussed some of the “high strangeness” surrounding the good Dr. Page. ¹⁴⁾ For Dr. Johnstons’s personal account of this see Ken’s Moon: The “Smoking Gun” that Reveals the “Dark Mission” of NASA by R. Ken Johnston Sr.; GUMROAD.COM edition; 2015, pages 225-227, and pages 256-258. See also Dark Mission:The Secret History of NASA, By Richard Hoagland and Mike Bara, pages 213-234. [UPDATE 5-1-17]: See also the book “Flyover Tsiolkovsky Crater” pages 34-62 et. seq. authored and published by Bret Colin Sheppard in 2017. 

(The discussion about Dr. Thornton Page and what Ken Johnston witnessed during the viewing of an Apollo 14 film sequence begins at 1:01:40 )

During the viewing of an Apollo 14 film, which according to Dr. Johnston was imagery taken over the crater Tsiolkovsky,¹⁵⁾Although this has been disputed. See the RationalWiki article on Ken Johnston at the section “The “alien base” in crater Tsiolkovsky”. a series of lights were noted within the crater rim and plumes of light associated with it. Dr. Page asked Ken Johnston to zoom in, freeze, etc. and otherwise give the other scientists assembled in the room an opportunity to examine what was there. The reaction was explained by Dr. Johnston as a sort of chuckling and inside joke among the assembled scientists. This suggests that they were already “in the know” about this kind of phenomenology and Mr. Johnston was not.

The next day, Dr. Johnston wanted to show this same film to some of his colleagues and when he went to view it, the lights in the crater were gone! All within 24 hours.

Dr. Johnston then asked Dr. Page about the missing frames in the film, who simply smiled and replied, “There were no lights, there was nothing there.” He then winked with his one good eye and walked away…

Dr. Johnston also accounted of witnessing airbrushing of negatives in a “classified area” devoted to lunar photography at the Lunar Receiving Lab. ¹⁶⁾ For additional witnessing of this type of activity at LRL see Donna Hare’s personal testimony at You Tube. Also see here. One of the airbrushers chuckled and said they were “professional strippers” and explained that they were making sure that the space above the lunar surface was black. They were actually painting over the negatives and effectively altering them for public consumption by removing offending debris!

Was Dr. Page not concerned with Ken Johnston as having been there to witness the lights over Tsiolkovsky because he could easily dismiss it right to Ken Johnston’s face? Or was Dr. Page monitoring Johnston’s reaction to these events as part of a study as well? More tricks of light and shadow by an intelligence operative?

Keep in mind, that Thornton Page, who also worked with Dr. Sagan, worked and consulted for the C.I.A.

In any event, what we are seeing in the Apollo 12 image published in Cosmos and what I have called the “Sunglint”, is an example of the kind of light reflection or plumes that Ken Johnston was describing that was seen on the Apollo 14 motion picture sequence over the crater Tsiolkovsky that Dr. Page asked him to show. ¹⁷⁾See Ken’s Moon: The “Smoking Gun” that Reveals the “Dark Mission” of NASA by R. Ken Johnston Sr.; GUMROAD.COM edition; 2015, pages 225-227, and pages 256-258. [UPDATE 5-1-17]: See also the book “Flyover Tsiolkovsky Crater” pages 34-62 et. seq. authored and published by Bret Colin Sheppard in 2017 

I have realized, for decades now, that what is classically called an “TLP” is nothing more than the sun, at the right phase angle, reflecting off of crystalline glass to produce these specular sun reflections. So, what Dr. Ken Johnston described, and the frame published in Cosmos, is just another dramatic example of such an “TLP” reflection, albeit up close. There would have been many such light flashes observed by the astronauts, some of which would be seen for an extended period of time depending upon the length of the slope or pitch of the glass and the phase angle to the observers eye. ¹⁸⁾For additional brilliant insights into the TLP phenomena, read Steve Troy’s article “Langrenus: Gas…. Or Glass?“

The theory of ancient ruins on the moon or elsewhere, being proven accurate, certainly would have put Dr. Sagan in a national security position. His knowledge of the ruins on the moon and in the solar system was hinted by his words of the “inescapable perspective that awaits us”. It was an emphasizing force behind his advocacy about the planet Earth and the human species and underscored his total realization at just how fragile the Earth and human civilization is. He was in the position to be peculiarly aware of the sensitive and critical nature of this type of information and he was acutely aware of what we could do to ourselves. He spoke of the crucial crossroads we are now at, in the Cosmos television series episode, “Who Speaks for Earth”? ¹⁹⁾For an inspiring fan video of the important points he made see here.The message is simple: WE are at that crossroads. WE speak for the Earth and all that it contains. As he warns in that episode, if WE capitulate to superstition or greed and madness, we will plunge our world into a catastrophe. To which I would like to remind is a catastrophe that is symbolized by Atlantis, the same catastrophe that is symbolized by the destruction of truth by the three murderers of ignorance, superstition, and fear.

Sagan sets us an example of how to manage this kind of information as well. If you read between the lines at least. In stark contrast to today’s conspiracy mongers, look how Dr. Sagan (who clearly understood the implications of this type of discovery) comported himself; no hysteria, no wild theories out of the ordinary, and clearly and rationally confronting the dangers of superstitions that could ruin such a discovery with a hideous feedback loop, all with a poise and acumen rarely seen by those who are ostensibly “in the know”. If you are perceptive, you note how he hints in very subtle and brilliant ways his comprehension of the problems at hand. Although Sagan’s public position on controversial subjects like artificially created ruins or UFO’s and other subjects may have been murky, his position on superstitious subjects or the human reactions to such things as ruins on other worlds or, more importantly, the  UFO phenomenology, was clear. He maintained the crucial need to be properly educated in science in order to not be misled by those who may be trying to control us. He warned how easily we can be controlled if we do not understand the fundamental nature and ontology of the universe around us. In such a milieu, it would not matter if the powers that be reveal the fact that there may be ruins on the moon or Mars or that UFO’s are “real” alien controlled craft or not. The entire subject can be controlled if we are not educated. In fact, specific points about those revelations of ruins or UFO’s could be easily manipulated on the world stage if we are not adequately informed.

There are so many emotionally charged concepts that destroy science. The inability to understand how things work, what we are doing to our planetary environment and the implacable resistance to do anything about it, at the same time, religions of various kinds lending themselves to gods of stupidity, lead us into, not a promised land of understanding what the laws of the universe are, but a hellish and harmfully damaging future. This becomes especially true when these views are politicized into agendas for selfish and venal purposes—including harmful “new age” models of the universe that arrogate to themselves notions, the explanation of which, serve us little better than another form of religion submitting us to yet other gods of stupidity. It is clear Sagan’s main goal was not only to dispel religious superstition, but also to dispel the superstitions surrounding the so-called alternative fields of inquiry. It is certainly fine to have these ideas but they must withstand scrutiny or they can be used by those who want to control us. ²⁰⁾ Sadly, this can feed into the whole notion of psy ops and other faked alien invasion and faked messianic return scenarios that haunt some.All this puts an interesting “light” on Sagan’s Pythagorean and Ionian contrast of the slave and masters model which he outlined in Cosmos episode 7: “The Backbone of Night” wherein he illustrated the light and shadow conflict of the so called mystics and scientists.

Ultimately, Dr. Sagan asks: “Who is making the decisions”? The citizens of a nation (or the world for that matter) need to be properly educated and to practice their skepticism, to interrogate with critical rigor the assertions of not only some lesser known persons assertions, but authority itself. If we are enthusiastic about Atlantis, occultism, alien life etc. we should be equally conversant with DNA, particles, periodic tables and the scientific laws of electricity, gravity and relativity. To which I would add, echoing the teachings of Manly Hall, we should equally be conversant in the exercising of the laws of love, honor and integrity.

Dr. Sagan emphasized the need for baloney detection, and even listed points in a “Baloney Detection Kit“. He warned of baloney in politics or religion, and he warned of it in science. Not just the pseudo-science, but the authorities of science itself.  I think he was also saying how to detect baloney when he sliced it out and served it to us all in the form of his waffling on both sides of the fence of the artifacts controversy. In the fragile realm of almost overwhelming unknowns, it is clear that it was a difficult position for him to be in.

We live in a time of cognitive dissonance. The reaction to the revelation of what they found on the moon during the Apollo missions could run the gamut from abject boredom, to outright hysteria. More likely, its all dependent upon how and why the information is presented. Withholding the information harms our trust in governmental institutions to the point of hideous unhealthy paranoia while at the same time the whole subject of outer space ruins invokes the pining of the metaphysical. Not a great mix. Metaphysics is the realm that usually religion fills and the the idea of ancient dead civilizations and their ruins, could invoke possible superstitious fears along the lines that “they” might still be here. The idea that “they” might still be here, is what the UFO phenomenology has being keeping alive. It’s the UFO problem that would probably be the causation of any potential fear, not the ruins that were found on the moon or Mars. ²¹⁾As this is all in the realm of the “Brookings report“, we will focus more on what they suggested as a separate articles series subject. We realize that Dr. Sagan may very well have considered this outcome as Richard Hoagland suggested in an 1996 Coast to Coast AM interview with Art Bell, wherein Hoagland believed  Dr. Sagan thought we “would all freak out.” But it should also be noted, that Hoagland  himself has said that if this is not presented properly that you could “come a cropper”.

Ultimately, for Dr Sagan, science is not skepticism, it is a way of thinking that can not only challenge pseudo-scientific ideas but even challenge the basis of skepticism itself. This sentiment is contained in his statement that “the essence of science is the willingness to admit that you are wrong.” This goes both ways as demonstrated by his intention of making clear in his Demon Haunted World wherein he stated concerning his skeptical approach to ruins on Mars, “I might be wrong”.

The point is (and note how he says this) that if we don’t continue to make science important, the government will run us and not us running the government. The implication is that any group or body that understands more than us basically can control us. Thus if we don’t make it important to educate ourselves on the issues confronting us in the cosmos, those who can do so, will.

In Sagan’s perspective, we must challenge our assumptions of political or religious authority, all of which is equally applicable to scientific authority, for which Sagan, whether he realized it or not, whether he liked it or not, he was. Notwithstanding his statement in the “Baloney Detection Kit that “in science there are no authorities”, he was such in the eyes of many. It’s essentially the decision making power that we are concerned with here. He may have laid various clues out in disparate areas of his work for us to test that scientific authority and to see whether or not we would see and live up to the very challenge he enunciated, up to and including his publishing the Apollo 12 image on page 84 of Cosmos.

It is staggeringly ironic that one of the best pieces of evidence that may bolster the argument that there are ancient ruins on the moon, may be coming from the same man who wrote “The Burden of Skepticism”, a paper that spurred the creation of the Skeptics Society, the same man held in such high esteem (and deservedly so) by Michael Shermer, who dedicated his book Why People Believe Weird Things to Dr. Sagan.

And yet, at the root of this irony, lies the coiled serpent of an hideously biting logic to it all in the shadow of the Brookings recommendations.

Dr. Sagan properly warned us of the haunted human imagination conjuring up non-existent demons and gods in the ethers of fantasy and working out their strange rituals of irrationality to explain the meaning of our reality in a sometimes frightening universe. Populated with figments of an imaginatively delicate nature and embodied with the flesh and bone of an emotional driven fear, these hideous monsters conjured in religion or science dwell at the threshold of our denial and threaten us with an irrational destruction.

Dr. Sagan’s great concerns were simple: Government controls us if we don’t understand government. Religion possesses us if we don’t understand religion. Science runs us if we don’t understand science. Our fears of the unknown drive hysteria in religion, our assumptions crystallize into adamant opinions in science and both of these extremes can find their way into our politics.

Sagan was certainly a complicated man of science, but he was also a human being who understood the ephemerality of the “authority” figure, and as such, I can categorically state that he can be placed in the “light” side of history as the truth comes out about the real solar system we live in. When the weight is lifted from this awful burden of security and secrecy regarding the solar system, I firmly believe that Dr. Sagan’s legacy will remain on the side of light, and not lurking in the shadows.

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